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96 Cray T3E User’s Guide
when the program is executed. The files are passed to the Apprentice
tool for graphical examination.
MPP Apprentice is used by the following steps. Fortran 90 programs
are compiled with the option -eA and object codes linked with the MPP
Apprentice library using the option -lapp:
t3e% f90 -c -eA prog.f
t3e% f90 -o prog.x prog.o -lapp
The compiler option -eA and the linker option -lapp work also with the
PGHPF High Performance Fortran compiler. ANSI C and C++ programs
are compiled with -happrentice option and object codes linked with
the MPP Apprentice library libapp.a:
t3e% cc -c -happrentice prog.c
t3e% cc -o prog.x prog.o -lapp
The corresponding commands for C++ are:
t3e% CC -c -happrentice prog.c
t3e% CC -o prog.x prog.o -lapp
The next step is to run the parallel program. Be aware that the exe-
cution time of the instrumented code can now be considerably longer
than without the MPP Apprentice hooks. After the execution you will
have a run-time information file (RIF) called app.rif in your directory.
After the program has been run start the MPP Apprentice tool with the
command apprentice.
t3e% mpprun -n 4 ./prog.x
t3e% apprentice app.rif &
An example session with Apprentice is show in Figure 9.3. The top pane
shows execution time for each subroutine. You can exclude or include
the time spent in called subroutines with the buttons on top of the pane.
You can click on the triangles to the right of the subroutine names to
show or hide internal information about called subroutines.
The lower pane shows the number of instructions for a subroutine or a
loop that has been selected in the upper pane. In some cases you can
also get information on the shared memory usage or message passing
usage for the selected routine.
The Apprentice tool can also provide textual reports on the performance
of the code. Choose either Observations or Reports from the Displays
menu to get the reports for the currently selected subroutine.
More information on the Apprentice tool can be obtained with the com-
mand man apprentice, from the help system of the Apprentice tool
itself or from the manual Introducing the MPP Apprentice Tool [Craf],
available online at the WWW address http://www.csc.fi:8080.
- Cray T3E 1
- User’s Guide 1
- Cray T3E User’s Guide 3 3
- Contents 4
- Contents 5 5
- B Glossary 113 6
- Bibliography 118 6
- Index 120 6
- Introduction 7
- 1.2 Usage policy 8
- 1.3 Overview of the system 9
- 1.4 Programming environment 9
- 10 Cray T3E User’s Guide 10
- Chapter 1. Introduction 11 11
- 12 Cray T3E User’s Guide 12
- Using the Cray T3E at CSC 13
- 2.2 Files 14
- 2.3 Editing files 16
- 2.5 Executing in batch mode 17
- 2.6 More information 18
- The Cray T3E system 20
- 3.2 Distributed memory 21
- 3.3 Processing elements 21
- 3.4 Processor architecture 23
- 3.5 Local memory hierarchy 24
- 26 Cray T3E User’s Guide 26
- Processing Element 27
- I/O Controller 27
- Interconnection 27
- Network 27
- 3.9 File systems 28
- 3.10 Resource monitoring 29
- 30 Cray T3E User’s Guide 30
- 3.11 More information 31
- Program development 32
- 4.3.1 BLAS 34
- 4.3.2 LAPACK 34
- 4.3.3 BLACS 35
- 4.3.4 PBLAS and ScaLAPACK 35
- 4.3.5 Details 35
- 36 Cray T3E User’s Guide 36
- 4.6 More information 38
- Fortran programming 40
- 5.2 Basic usage 41
- 5.4 Compiler options 42
- 5.5 Optimization options 42
- 5.6 Optimizing for cache 44
- 5.7 Compiler directives 45
- 5.8 Fortran 90 modules 48
- 5.9 Source code preprocessing 49
- 5.10 More information 51
- C and C++ programming 52
- 6.2 The C compiler 53
- 6.3 Calling Fortran from C 54
- 6.4 C compiler options 55
- #pragma _CRI symmetric var 59
- #pragma _CRI unroll [n] 59
- 6.6 The C++ compiler 61
- 6.7 More information 61
- Interprocess communication 62
- 7.2.1 Format of the MPI calls 63
- 7.2.2 Some MPI routines 64
- 7.2.3 An example of using MPI 64
- 7.2.5 MPI data types 67
- 7.3.1 Using PVM on the T3E 68
- #include <mpp/shmem.h> 71
- INCLUDE ’mpp/shmem.fh’ 71
- 7.4.2 Data addresses 72
- 7.4.4 Reduction routines 74
- 7.4.6 Example of using SHMEM 76
- 78 Cray T3E User’s Guide 78
- 0:c= 10121416 78
- 1:c= 2468 78
- 80 Cray T3E User’s Guide 80
- Batch queuing system 81
- 82 Cray T3E User’s Guide 82
- # QSUB -l p_mpp_t=7000 82
- 8.3 Status of the NQE job 83
- 84 Cray T3E User’s Guide 84
- 8.4 Deleting an NQE batch job 86
- 8.5 Queues 86
- 8.6 More information 87
- Programming tools 88
- 9.2 Program Browser 89
- 9.3 Debugging programs 92
- 9.3.2 Examining core files 93
- 94 Cray T3E User’s Guide 94
- 9.4.1 MPP Apprentice 95
- 9.4.2 The appview command 98
- 9.4.3 PAT 98
- 9.5.1 The VAMPIRtrace library 100
- 102
- 9.5.3 More information 103
- Miscellaneous notes 104
- 10.1.3 The CPU clock timer 105
- 10.1.4 Example of timing 106
- 108 Cray T3E User’s Guide 108
- 10.4 More information 110
- About CSC 111
- 112 Cray T3E User’s Guide 112
- Glossary 113
- 114 Cray T3E User’s Guide 114
- Appendix B. Glossary 115 115
- Metacomputer Environment 116
- Bibliography 118
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